Social Norms Prepared for the New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics
نویسنده
چکیده
Social norms are customary rules of behavior that coordinate interactions among people. Once a particular way of doing things becomes established as a rule, it continues in force because people prefer to conform to the rule given the expectation that others are going to conform (Lewis, 1969). This definition covers simple rules that are self-enforcing at a primary level, such as which hand to extend in greeting or which side of the road to drive on, and more complex rules that trigger sanctions against those who deviate from a first-order rule. (People express outrage if someone cuts in front of someone else in a queue.) The former are sometimes called conventions and the latter norms (Sugden, 1986; Coleman, 1990; Bicchieri, 2006), but in fact there are numerous gradations and levels of response to norm violation that make this dichotomy problematic. Hence I shall use the term ‘norm’ in its inclusive sense in what follows.
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Experimental economics, history of This is a slightly longer version of an entry prepared for the 2nd edition of The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, edited by Steven Durlauf and Lawrence Blume
This is a slightly longer version of an entry prepared for the 2nd edition of The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, edited by Steven Durlauf and Lawrence Blume (Palgrave-Macmillan, forthcoming). Since the New Palgrave does not include acknowledgments, I should use this chance to thank Roger Backhouse, Philippe Fontaine, Daniel Kahneman, Kyu Sang Lee, Ivan Moscati, and Vernon Smith for their...
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